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Résumé fourni par l'éditeur: "Qu'est-ce que la science... pour vous?" Telle est la question posée ici à des scientifiques, des philosophes, des historiens des sciences, des médiateurs et amateurs de sciences. Simple question certes, mais pas une question simple... Où est la vraie difficulté? Définir la science ou accepter de se confier, loin du surplomb procuré par les piédestaux académiques? C'est pourquoi les 50 auteurs de ce tome 1 apportent des réponses variées, contrastées, éclectiques, que l'on peut décrire selon un gradient allant des textes les plus intimes et personnels à ceux qui observent scrupuleusement les codes de la prose universitaire. C'est qu'il n'est pas aisé de se dévoiler quand on aborde cette question essentielle, laquelle permet de délimiter un domaine majeur de la connaissance, aussi vaste et varié soit-il. Les réponses sont brèves - quelques pages - afin de condenser ce que les auteurs pensent parfois depuis des décennies. La concision demandée est presque à voir comme une contrainte oulipienne. Ainsi, les lecteurs peuvent lire une quintessence de points de vue, un instantané de pensée, la part sensible, parfois, des membres de cet informel aréopage.

Epistémologie --- Philosophie des sciences. --- Épistémologie. --- Sciences. --- Science --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Philosophy --- Épistémologie.

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Le matérialisme est une position philosophique au destin paradoxal : c'est la conception d'arrière-plan de toutes les sciences abouties – il semble même aller de soi ou n'avoir besoin que de se révéler qu'en filigrane –, tout en étant dans le même temps dénigré, malmené, incompris par nombre de nos contemporains. Même dans le pays de Diderot, d'Holbach, La Mettrie… Entre indifférence et péjoration, ce terme, que certains évacuent pudiquement au profit des mots « naturalisme » ou « physicalisme », nous semble ainsi devoir être sans cesse revendiqué. C'est la raison d'un tel livre et de ce titre : Matériaux philosophiques et scientifiques pour un matérialisme contemporain.

Materialism. --- Science --- Philosophy.

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Computer simulation. --- Simulation par ordinateur. --- Mathematical models. --- Modèles mathématiques. --- Philosophy and science. --- Philosophie et sciences.

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This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy?   The book is divided into three sections:  classification, disease, and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry, and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts.   The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status.  Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods, and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories.   The rich assortment of disciplines featured also includes epidemiology, parasitology, and public health, while technical aspects such as the application of game theory to medical research and the misuse of the DSM in forensic psychiatry are also given an airing. The book addresses more than the construction of medical knowledge, however, adding cogent appraisal of the processes of decision making in medicine and the protocols used to justify therapeutic choices.

Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Biology. --- Theory of Medicine/Bioethics. --- History of Medicine. --- Philosophy (General). --- Biology --- Medicine. --- Medical ethics. --- Biologie --- Médecine --- Ethique médicale --- Philosophie --- Biology_xPhilosophy. --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Medicine --- History. --- Medical logic --- Biology-Philosophy. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Health Workforce --- Biology—Philosophy. --- Medicine—History. --- Bioethics. --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Vitalism

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This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy? The book is divided into three sections: classification, disease, and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry, and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts. The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status. Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods, and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories. The rich assortment of disciplines featured also includes epidemiology, parasitology, and public health, while technical aspects such as the application of game theory to medical research and the misuse of the DSM in forensic psychiatry are also given an airing. The book addresses more than the construction of medical knowledge, however, adding cogent appraisal of the processes of decision making in medicine and the protocols used to justify therapeutic choices.

Philosophy --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- Biology --- Biological anthropology. Palaeoanthropology --- History of human medicine --- biologie --- filosofie --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- deontologie --- medische ethiek